Esperanto
saluton
Start to learn Esperanto, the language of peace!
Esperanto is scheduled to be completed by 2019 - 10 - 29
Esperanto is 17% complete
First task:
Tasks will usually come before a lesson but this time, you won't need one! Your task is to find as many Esperanto words as possible and make connections with other languages!
Lesson 1: Making connections and learning words
Esperanto is used recreationally. It has many connections to other languages. It is best to find the connection so it is easier to remember words.
Let's learn some words:
saluton - hello
Can we make a connection with saluton? The French word Salut means hello, which means saluton probably came from the French word salut.
Familion - family
Familion connects with lots of languages in this world. The Romanian word familie means family! Maybe Familion came from the Romanian word. It could've also come from English. Family and Familion sound very similar so it's possible that familion came from family.
Keep making connections like these and you'll understand Esperanto faster than ever!
We should start making sentences... In your notebooks, write an English sentence you want to be able to say and write in Esperanto.
My sentence will be: The girl wears pretty clothes.
Second Task:
Use a dictionary to look up your sentence words. You will be translating your sentence to Esperanto. Conjugation won't matter at the moment.
Lesson 2: Intro
Today, you will be introduced to some new words!
Mi - I
Mi ne - I don't
en - in
Aŭstralio - Australia
loĝas - do live/live ( at a place )
vivas - do live/live ( alive )
venas - come
El - from
estas - am
Mi estas - I am
Bonvenon - Welcome
Dankon - Thank you
Kiu - Who
Bone - Well/good
Dormas - sleep
Jes - Yes
Jes, mi dormas bone - Yes, I sleep well
viro - male/man
virino - woman/female
kio - what
lia - his
mallonga - short
libro - book
bona - good/well
vi - you
ofte - often
knabino - girl
hundo - dog
La - The
leono - lion
kato - cat
Phrases:
La libro mallonga -
La hundo estas knabino -
Mi ne loĝas en Aŭstralio -
La kato estas mallonga -
Mi ne venas -
La leono mallonga -
La leono estas mallonga -
Third Task: Find out the meanings of the sentences looking only at the list above. Do not use any dictionaries or translators.
Lesson 3: Weather
Today, we will focus on the weather and creating sentences using the weather.
vetero - weather
neĝas - snowing
Ĉu neĝas? - Is it snowing?
varma - hot
Pluvas - It is raining
The weather is good - ___________
kaj - and
malvarma - cold
hodiaŭ - today
malbona - bad
The weather is bad - _____________
La domo - The house
La ĉambro - the room
suno - sun
La suno estas varma - ____________
urbo - city
La urbo estas malbona hodiaŭ - _____________________
Let's see if you can understand this conversation.
Petro: Saluton
Sofiya: Saluton
P: Kiel vi fartas?
S: bone kaj vi?
P: mi fartas bone
P: La vetero hodiaŭ malbonas, ĉu ne?
S: jes, mi konsentas.
P: Kiel fartas via edzino?
S: Bone, kaj la via?
P: Bona
With these lessons, you should be able to understand most of it.
Fourth task: Look in a dictionary for the words you don't understand. Then try to understand what Petro and Sofiya are talking about. Remember look for connections.
Fifth task: After understanding the conversation, answer the following:
1. How is the weather today?
2. *How is Sofiya's wife doing?
3. Does Petro have a wife?
4. What word is used the most in this conversation? What does this word mean?
* LL's Esperanto course is a safe LGBTQ+ space. This means characters in conversations may/will be part of the community. Other language courses may not have LGBTQ+ characters.
Lesson 4: Esperanto Notes
ĉ - chase
ĝ - giant
ĵ - leisure
ŝ - share
ŭ - water
j - year
c - rats
ĉu - you add ĉu to introduce a yes or no question:
ĉu la vetero estas malvarma - Is the weather cold?
la vetero estas malvarma - The weather is cold.
Mal - is a prefix which means " opposite of "
bona - good
malbona - bad (the opposite of good)
Adjectives vs Nouns:
Adjectives always end in " a "
Nouns always end in " o "
The adjective can be placed before or after the noun and it would still mean the same thing!
Sixth Task: Now that you know this information, write a sentence in Esperanto and try and pronounce it! Don't forget to look for connections!
Lesson 5: Reviewing connections!
The time has come to stay fresh on your connections! We will list some words:
Mi - I
Mi ne - I don't
en - in
Aŭstralio - Australia
loĝas - do live/live ( at a place )
vivas - do live/live ( alive )
venas - come
El - from
estas - am
Mi estas - I am
Bonvenon - Welcome
Dankon - Thank you
Kiu - Who
Bone - Well/good
Dormas - sleep
Jes - Yes
Jes, mi dormas bone - Yes, I sleep well
viro - male/man
virino - woman/female
kio - what
lia - his
mallonga - short
libro - book
bona - good/well
vi - you
ofte - often
knabino - girl
hundo - dog
La - The
leono - lion
kato - cat
Yes, we know. It's the same words from a lesson we already passed but you have a task!
Seventh Task: Pick 7 words from the list and list 2 connections for each word. Adiaŭ
Lesson 6: Plurals
Saluton! Today we will discuss plurals.
Plurals always end in a " j "
La grandaj virinoj - The big women
La malgrandaj leonoj - The small lions
_________________________________________________________________________
Jen - here is/ here are
jen la knabinoj - here are the girls
_________________________________________________________________________
" ej " is a suffix used to describe a place
laboras - works
laborejo - work area
_________________________________________________________________________
Eighth Task ( Optional Task 1 ): With the 7 connection words you have. Using at least 3, create a sentence using plurals.
Lesson 7: Accusative
Saluton! Today we will be talking about the accusative case.
The boy hugs the big woman.
We know that the boy is hugging the big woman because of the word order. " Big woman " comes after the verb which makes it obvious that the big woman is getting hugged.
In Esperanto, the endings tell us who is getting hugged.
La knabo brakumas la grandan virinon
-n is the accusative ending
La grandan virinon brakumas la knabino
What does this mean?
a) The boy hugs the big woman
b) The big woman hugs the boy
If you chose a) then you are correct. Word order doesn't matter in Esperanto as long as the accusative ending is in effect.
Subject - o ( The one who is hugging )
Object - n after the o ( The one who is being hugged )
How about this?:
Brakumas la grandan virinon la knabino.
or this?
Brakumas la knabino la grandan virinon.
or
La grandan virinon la knabino brakumas.
Do they mean a) or b)
* -n is never used with estas.
Ninth task: Find out what the 3 sentences above mean, a) or b). Bye!
Lesson 8: Colors
Here is a list of colors:
blua
verda
bruna
ruĝa
flava
blanka
violkolora
oranĝakolora
roza
arĝentkolora
nigra
griza
purpura
Challenge:
lazura
indiga
Tenth Task: Try to find out what each color means!
.